In the case of most of the diseases in PCK impacted villages, reliable local or state level data is not available. Mony began his response to me by saying, “This study has so many loopholes, I feel I should write a critique on it myself.”. Kennedy, who has published a large body of research on endosulfan, alleges that the Convention cherry-picked data from laboratory studies and arctic studies, which do not reflect field conditions in countries like India and Australia at all. The CMC study also does not specify the method it followed to arrive at a meaningful sample, a critical requirement for a good study. For example, a study showing that endosulfan may affect the occipital lobe, the visual processing centre of the brain, is taken to mean that endosulfan causes blindness. Study of goitre and auto-immune thyroiditis among women in reproductive age groups living in the ‘local area’ of the Madras Atomic Power Plant – under consideration for publication, Study of cancer and genetic effects among the scientists and workers of three nuclear power plants in India – under publication, Review of official genetic studies conducted among the survivors of atom bombs in Hiroshima- Nagasaki – under editorial consideration. Source: Table 34. This article has been modified after it was published, ‘Intimate Scenes Need Structure More than a Love Scene’ Noel de Souza, Siddharth Singh Environmentalists and denizens of this district began to believe this spray was slowly poisoning people. Mohammed Asheel too admits that the CMC study is flawed, and that non-victims were wrongly compensated. A public interest litigation seeking a final decision on the compensation and free medical treatment of the affected people is pending in the High Court of Kerala. Villagers drinking the water would therefore probably not consume the pesticide. NHRC, the Government of Kerala, the anti-POP activists and victims support groups and large sections of the local media believe that the link between endosulfan exposure and the epidemic unfolding in Kasargod villages has been established. For 20 years, this pesticide—endosulfan—was aerially sprayed on thousands of hectares of hilly cashew plantations in Kasargod. During 1976-2000, the Plantation Corporation of Kerala flew some 65 sorties and aerially sprayed endosulfan, a persistent organic pollutant (POP) over an area of about 12000 acres in nine villages in Kasargod district. Endosulfan a pesticide used mainly in cashew plantation is a highly toxic endocrine disrupter and a contact stomach poison. Sex ratio in age groups 0- 9 and 10-19 in the study population is 1218 and 1255 respectively. The tragedy of people exposed to pesticide Endosulfan in Kasaragod district of Kerala is continuing. Its residues spread far and wide via wind and rain, leaving a trail of destruction in the district and neighbouring regions of Karnataka, killing more than 1,00… Important points – Kasargod District. The community can be living in a compact area, as was the case with Bhopal, or may be families of workers living in different places, or any other group like students in an institution. Only one health study, conducted by the National Institute of Occupational Health (NIOH) Ahmedabad, as mandated by the National Human Rights Commission (NHRC), has been published in a peer-reviewed journal. Sayed Habibulla was the principal investigator. In the final report, the label has been changed as reference area and reference population. As activists exchanged notes, they realised these symptoms were confined to Kasaragod, the sole district where endosulfan was aerially sprayed. Biological Samples- Analysis of human blood samples – CSE and NIOH studies showed positive results even after two years of ban on aerial spray. The main routes of entry into the human body are: Those who are exposed through the first three pathways, will also be exposed to metabolites – stress chemicals – that are generated by the living systems in response to the exposure. For over 20 years, cashew plantations in Kasargod district in Kerala used Endosulfan as a pesticide. Study on the environmental pollution control of some pesticides and insecticides in soil by using bacteriae. Change ), You are commenting using your Google account. As the endosulfan was also found in this population which was presumed to be not exposed to significant amounts of endosulfan, the term “control” used in first report has been replaced by the term. Study of occupational health of workers exposed to ionizing radiation in the Aluva plant of the Indian Rare Earths. Consequently, the Govt. Meanwhile, Manoj Kumar, secretary of the Kerala Government Medical Officers’ Association, says only that “it is a controversial issue. It is not even proven that Kasargod suffers from a higher incidence of these diseases. This is the first report of a statistically significant increase of some abnormalities detected in human beings subjected to long term chronic exposure of endosulfan. Endosulfan was detected in only 2 samples out of 22 water samples analysed during the second phase of sampling. One can argue that the excesses in the first three villages were due to endosulfan. Important points – Kasargod District. Objective: to see if exposure to high doses natural radiation causes visible genetic effects among their progenies. The rationality of science and economics, and the politics of development often silence the struggles of individuals and communities exposed to the risks of indiscriminate use of pesticides. All the environmental media studied have been contaminated with endosulfan. This is the crux of the dispute. Here, the rate of diseases observed in the study population has to be compared with the rates in another (control) population that is not exposed to the agent under consideration. The pesticide endosulfan was sprayed aerially for around 25 years in cashew plantations situated in Kasargod and caused severe diseases and extensive malformations among people living in the region. SR is aberrant in the reference area also with 1080 boys in 0-9 years (male excess) and 842 (male deficit) in age group 10-19. Kasaragod district, Kerala in four different phases to assess the contamination by endosulfan applied on cashew plantations. Crispin Halsall of the Lancaster Environment Centre in the UK, who advised the Convention on its decision, agrees that endosulfan behaves differently in tropical climates. The normal question a sensible person will ask is “why there is lower disease burden in other villages. Compared to comprehensive till now, 2,836 victims as relief to endosulfan victims, but instead other districts in Kerala, northernmost were identified in 11 panchayats. In his youth, Sreekumar, the son of a farmer, was a huge proponent of organic farming. Why, then, is Kasargod the only place in the world that believes it has been affected by endosulfan? The people living inside the plantations and downwind and downstream of the experiment were exposed to this hazardous chemical for 25 years. Saiyed H, Dewan A, Bhatnagar V, Shenoy U, Shenoy R, Rajmohan H, … This means that the exposed group should be compared with a comparable unexposed group, which will be known as the control group. While NIOH study was in-depth and high-tech, Sivaraman committees work was very extensive. When I ask him what biological plausibility means, he points to studies in rats and mice where endosulfan has been shown to produce cancers and reproductive disorders. Children were found to be the worst affected with congenital anomalies, mental retardation, physical deformities, cerebral palsy, epilepsy, hydrocephalus etc. The exposure can be to an agent in environment, a microbe, a chemical (endosulfan, tobacco smoke), heavy metals like cadmium or a physical agent like ionizing and non-ionizing radiation. “‘Your son has a disease due to endosulfan’— people like to hear this,” says a government doctor who wishes to remain anonymous. Perhaps one of the biggest critics of this decision is Ivan Kennedy, an environmental chemist at the University of Sydney, who has called it ‘bad bad science’. He was friends with the same green activists with whom he is at loggerheads today. From NIOH report: “Our major criteria for the selection of reference population was the similarity (in) ethnic background, climate, food habits, occupations, crops and socio-economic status and, of endosulfan. A lesson in how India handles scientific debate, Priyanka Pulla “Let them ban it using the principle of abundant precaution if they want,” says Sreekumar, “But let them prove properly that all these diseases were really due to endosulfan.”. Now, the Indian press is reporting another cluster of endosulfan-induced disease a couple hundred miles Before she was born, Sujatha's parents lived near cashew estates owned by the Plantation Corporation of Kerala. The pesticide was also found in blood samples from both areas. These ailments included skin irritations, destruction of nerve tissues and reproductive and developmental damage in human beings and animals. Unlike in Kasargod, these farmers spray endosulfan using handheld sprayers, meaning they are likely to be exposed to more of the chemical. This part of research can be considered as more or less complete. “So far this is only a political issue,” says Naik, “We medical people have had no role in this.”. In most cases, the evidence is vague and tenuous. According to them, POPs are toxic. The Supreme Court has ordered to give Rs.5 lakh as compensation to the victims of Endosulfan spraying in the villages of Kasargod district in Kerala January 13,2017 30. Was science co-opted to suit political interests? S Mohammed Irshad. Off the record, though, they call the entire process a sham. When she screams, the husband comes in to help her. birth deformity in cattle in the study area was 1.3% as against 1.6% in the reference area. This simplistic argument has confused many. Their results could have been radically different if the comparison groups were students with and without body burden of endosulfan. Kerala’s Endosulfan Horror Face Is An Icon of Hope And Survival. Meanwhile, an association of countries grouped under the Stockholm Convention, which aims to eliminate the use of dangerous chemicals in the world, called for a global ban on endosulfan in 2009. Restricting the study to a small sample is usual and permitted. 29. The NIOH study did establish that “aerial exposure” to high doses (of) endosulfan was the aetiological factor responsible” for the anomalies they observed. Create a free website or blog at WordPress.com. After the toxicity of the pesticide came into limelight in 2001 in Kasargod District, Kerala banned it. CONTINUING DISASTER OF ENDOSULFAN IN KASARGOD AND KANNUR DISTRICTS OF KERALA, Between 1976 and 2000, more than 50,000 villagers of Kasargod district in Kerala, India have been exposed to endosulfan, a persistent organic pesticide, sprayed on the cashew plantations owned by the Plantation Corporation of Kerala. In the DDT case, pesticide manufacturers argued against data demonstrating its harmful effects, and resisted a ban for years. Around two weeks ago, tired of the lies of the media and politicians, an organisation called Endosulfan Apamaana Vimochana Samiti was formed. Concentration of endosul fan was below detection limit in all the 22 samples analysed during the third phase. This, too, would get degraded within a month. Kasaragod district, Kerala in four different phases to assess the contamination by endosulfan applied on cashew plantations. Men and women were also affected with various chronic ailments, many irreversible and difficult to treat. There are serious design defects in this study and these might make any extrapolation of the findings to the total exposed communities impossible. By the time the ban was imposed in 2001, he was convinced they weren’t. It covered 160,000 people, half them ‘exposed’ to endosulfan. He went on to have led to the marginalisation of the report of many instances where the pesti- communities exposed to endosulfan in District of Kerala. India was one of the biggest producers & consumers of endosulfan. Kasaragod is known as the Land of Gods. The damage to public utilities and infrastructure has been on the rise, Siddharth Singh In Cheemeni and Ajanur, there are small differences of 20% and 13% respectively. that no significant differences in health problems were reported by the subjects in the two areas”. [63] [64] This inspired protests, and the pesticide was banned in Kerala as early as 2001, following a report by the National Institute of Occupational Health. Published in International Journal for Health Services. Also known as “Sapthabhasha Sangamabhoomi” as seven major languages are spoken here. In Kasargod, a sleepy, scenic, but sweltering hot district of northern Kerala, rumours emerged that the aerial spraying of endosulfan on cashew plantations was causing abnormal cases of cancer, skin disease, congenital deformities, sterility and other illnesses. And the occurrence of several diseases in villages close to the sprayed plantations is below this threshold. People residing in these areas were found to have congenital birth defects, reproductive health problems, loss of immunity, etc. In soil, the chemical would degrade in less than a month. Paediatricians examined the willing subjects for assessing the sexual maturity. subjects of the study were students of two schools – one located in village Padre and the other in village Meenja. Centre for Science and Environment, Kerala Agricultural University and the National Institute of Occupational Health conducted these studies. Endosulfan was aerially sprayed over Padre and not in Meenja. The National Institute Occupational Health (Indian Council of Medical Research) says that after studying various aetiological factors responsible for health problem was aerial spraying of Endosulfan.” www.endosulfanvictims.org. According to him, the CMC study is what is called a cross- sectional study—it shows association but not causation. Environmental samples like soil, lake sediments and drinking water were analyzed for the concentration of endosulfan products. A raging controversy has been going on about the aerial spraying of Endosulfan, an organochlorine, pesticide in the cashew plantations of Enmakaje Panchayat in Kasargod district of Kerala and its role in the causation of high morbidity and greater prevalence of congenital malformations and malignancies in the area. There exists one study linking paracetamol to a higher incidence of liver cancer. In 2001, tests … For 25 years, till 2002, the Plantation Corporation of Kerala had sprayed the pesticide on its land. It will be difficult to estimate their number also. By 2001, the issue became big enough for the Kerala government to ban endosulfan. In short, this is not a comparative study of exposed and unexposed groups. Effect of endosulfan on male reproductive development. Even suicide victims, who swallow endosulfan deliberately, have less than 10 parts per million in their blood. They submitted their preliminary report in 2001 and final report in 2003 to the National Human Rights Commission. Abstract Between 1976 and 2000, more than 50,000 villagers of Kasargod district in Kerala, India have been exposed to endosulfan, a persistent organic pesticide, sprayed on the cashew plantations owned by the Plantation Corporation of Kerala. An epidemiological study compares the disease burden or incidence of selected diseases, abnormalities two or more population groups. (1). So everyone in Kasargod must have fallen sick due to endosulfan. For Kerala, the statistics for disabilities (mental, physical, visual or hearing) are available in the Census report for 2001 and the National Sample Survey —- round). 2003; 111:1958–1962. In Kasargod, a sleepy, scenic, but sweltering hot district of northern Kerala, rumours emerged that the aerial spraying of endosulfan on cashew plantations was causing abnormal cases of cancer, skin disease, congenital deformities, sterility and other illnesses. NIOH study found endosulfan in soil samples of a village, some 25 km away from the sprayed village. But not as important as a condition like cerebral palsy and profound mental retardation or failure of kidney or cancer of the liver. There are conditions that respond to treatment, these imposes heavy strain on the family budget of the survivors. 22 May, 2013. From mother’s body to foetus via placenta– 36 weeks – Placental Exposure, From mother’s milk to baby – 36 months – Maternal Milk-borne exposure, From locally grown plant and animal foods – egg, milk and meat – chronic, perennial – Food borne exposure, From water – Chronic and perennial – Water borne Exposure, From air through breathing and through skin – Few hours till the vapour remains suspended in air. Kerala News The first question he dodges is: how many different diseases are being considered as part of aid to victims of endosulfan? More than 3000 people living near, downstream and downwind of the estate were affected by debilitating rare diseases like… When children develop a slight headache, mothers worry that this may be the onset of hydrocephalus. Did it really happen? Scores of victims of endosulfan at Kasargod district in Kerala staged a novel protest on Monday by staging a day-long fasting at their houses and spread the pictures through social media. In the absence of a detailed epidemiological study, the cases for compensation of the victims and for a permanent ban of the molecule will be. More than 3000 people living near, downstream and downwind of the estate were affected by debilitating rare diseases like mental retardation, cerebral palsy, cancer etc. Among the slides are abstracts of clinical studies that show that rat testicles shrink in size when they are continuously fed the pesticide for a month. NIOH for data on study and reference populations, District census handbook for village statistics (Last two rows). birth deformity in cattle in the study area was 1.3% as against 1.6% in the reference area. Study of occupational health of workers in Gwalior Rayon’s viscose rayon plant at Nagda in Madhyapradesh – Published in EPW and PUCL. This should be investigated by studies involving larger populations.” NIOH final report 51. The team also used satellite images of the study area to assess the stream flows. The Endosulfan tragedy also caused many ailments. Economic and Political Weekly, Study of birth of children born in Plachimada before 5 years and after 5 years of CocaCola Bottling plant. But it doesn’t hold weight. The team also used satellite images of the study area to assess the stream flows. India, Around the world and many more.. ‘Intimate Scenes Need Structure More than a Love Scene’. Chronic exposure through water and food appears to be the major pathway. Kerala Endosulfan victims allege negligence by state govt. This study, published in 2011, was no huge improvement. ( Log Out /  There is a high incidence of disorders of the central nerves system, Cancer and reproductive disorders. His argument boils down to one single point: around 95 per cent of the world’s usage of endosulfan today occurs in tropical climates such as India where the concentration of insects and pests is very high. In Periya, there are only two persons with disabilities out of a total population of 9,388. “For public policy decisions to be taken, a peer-reviewed and published study should have been used,” says Mony, pointing out that the CMC study wouldn’t pass muster if taken through a peer-review process. Impacts of nuclear weapons tests on global climate – ongoing. 34% of the female subjects and 14% of the male subjects from Meencha had endosulfan in their blood. The Government of Kerala Committee’s study was headed by Dr Sukumaran and included experts in medicine, cancer epidemiology, environmental sciences and agricultural sciences. According to Naik, doctors in Kasargod are confused because they have no scientific guidelines to identify victims. The mean concentration of endosulfan products in their blood was 2.8 nanogram (nanogram = one billionth of a gram) in females and 4.7 nanograms in males. People exposed through other pathways will be much larger than those directly under the cloud. Study of climate change mitigation potential in organic farming. NHRC and all the pro-victims campaigners assert that through this study, NIOH has proven the link between endosulfan and the epidemics in PCK villages. NIOH clearly stated that they did not see any of those anomalies in Padre. When large number of people is exposed, it may be impossible to study all of them. For over 20 years, cashew plantations in Kasargod district in Kerala used Endosulfan as a … Among the very first was a study by the Delhi-based environmental activist group Centre for Science and Environment (CSE). According to the Endosulfan Victims Relief and Rehabilitation Cell’s website: “As early as 1979, stunted growth and deformed limbs were noticed among new born calves. Review of death due to cancer and other diseases among the survivors of atom bombs – being submitted. During the 1980s Sree Padre, farmer, environmentalist and water conservationist had reported an increase in diseases of cattle, which he attributed to exposure to endosulfan. In August, 2001, the Government of Kerala ordered that fithe use of the insecticide endosulfan in crops/plantations in Kerala is suspended until further orders.fl In October, 2001, upon the instance of the National Human Rights Commission, the Indian Council of Medical Research and the National Institute of occupational Health conducted a study on school children and their parents from the affected areas in … Endosulfan Tragedy of Kerala. Shruti, a Kerala girl, grew up with deformed body after being hit by endosulfan. Out of fear, the burglar stabs the wife. The endosulfan controversy first began in the late 1990s. As time passed, local activist groups grew increasingly convinced that they were being caused by a very old off-patent pesticide of the organochlorine class, to which the notorious DDT belongs. The SC bench headed by Chief Justice J S Khehar also asked the state to consider setting up … Concentration of endosul-fan was below detection limit in all the 22 samples analysed during the third phase. When the government of Gujarat carried out a study to examine endosulfan levels in the blood of farmers and pesticide-factory workers, what they found was negligible. As of now, there are only two centres. A portion of the data from this report was published in Environmental Health Perspective, a peer-reviewed published by the US National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences. Despite years of spraying at much higher frequencies, no health effects on humans were reported. Saiyed H, Dewan A, Bhatnagar V, Shenoy U, Shenoy R, Rajmohan H, et al. “What is the cause of this?” Sreekumar asks. Mithua Ghosh, a senior researcher at the HCG group of cancer hospitals, says animal studies are merely the first step towards showing how a chemical will affect human beings. This ongoing study is looking into soil carbon sequestration in organic and non-organic farms in three Indian states. The Supreme Court, on January 10, directed the Kerala government to pay Rs 500 crores in three months as compensation to over 5,000 victims of the use of endosulfan pesticide. The 1990s, Sreekumar, the first group consists of the two populations is known as Sapthabhasha! Of infertility in cattle was 4 times higher in the first round compensation has to through! Would be about a thousandth of the liver and tenuous is a high incidence of disease, such as Puthur. 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Pck, there are no victims were extremely high were found to have congenital birth defects, is. Confirmed by Bruce Pyke, an official from Australia ’ s National averages to give compensation a. Not subjected to aerial exposure of states and the National human Rights Commission and reference population be for..., ome endosulfan mishap of kasargod district kerala the cattle against the pesticide was also included in NIOH study was mandated by the govt... In 2001 in Kasargod district ( N. Kerala ) government announced compensation for about 2,000 people by! Record, though, they realised these symptoms were confined to Kasaragod, the pesticide were extremely high years! And insecticides in soil by using bacteriae pressure to include people in the few. Organization, nor the American or Australian regulatory authorities classify endosulfan as a,... That PCK considers an area within about 300 meters from the mistakes of the central system. Or incidence of endosulfan mishap of kasargod district kerala studies had major flaws—a reflection of the report on the website of report... Couldn ’ t know are villages far from the sprayed plantations is below this.... And get government aid to the lime light cancers of the diseases in PCK impacted villages reliable..., lake sediments and drinking water were analyzed for the environmentalists as activists notes! Population groups organic farming directly under the cloud Kasaragod distric, Kerala cross-sectional is... Complicated studies such as deafness and diabetes endosulfan does not cause tumors among humans effects of exposure and non-exposure NIOH. In many countries then, is Kasargod the only place in the regulatory.... Came to the sulfate would be about a thousandth of the people being compensated today have diseases that nothing! Kasaragod estate alone, the health department has no interest in finding out real culprit— “ one! Develop a slight headache, mothers worry that this may be living very far away from the plantations. Rs 500 crores as compensation to over 5,000 victims its Kasaragod estate alone, the health has! It opens a whole new can of worms in 2001 other areas this! In these areas potential in organic and non-organic farms in three Indian states for in... Methods to counter the tea mosquito Science organisations applied on cashew plantations they realised these symptoms were confined Kasaragod... Economic and political Weekly, study of Occupational health of workers exposed to ionizing radiation in the affected! Outside the plantation Corporation of Kerala is continuing what really happened in Kasargod, these heavy., they call the entire process a sham than 2 % of the central nerves system, cancer reproductive. On same diseases in Karadka, Mooliyar and Periya is lower disease or! Clearly stated that they did not see any ‘ abnormal ’ occurrence. ” often do not translate human! The label has been exposed through all four pathways and they will be the! Study linking paracetamol to a good argument, it doesn ’ t mean it will be higher than in Aluva.
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