Hypothesis 2:Referential questions create more interaction in the classroom than display questions do. The type of classroom interaction should be decided according to the number of the students also. Classroom moments for interaction The most obvious use of a classroom response system is to ask questions to test the knowledge present in a classroom. Other patterns help us enrich the classes and have a variety of activities which is especially important when it comes to foreign language learning as different types of activities make it easier to adopt to the class and consequently, learn more efficiently. I think we do have a dominant interaction pattern in the classroom. It is argued that in order to ‘open’ classroom interaction, in a social constructivist sense, emphasis ought not to be placed on the questions teachers ask, but the manner with which teachers react to pupils’ responses to questions. Also, all students are different. Interaction will not necessarily happen spontaneously, however, and in my view it has to be considered before teaching. A language teacher should be able to use them if necessary. It is the teacher’s duty to find student’s needs and meet them with a proper classroom interaction pattern. Also, some students may not rely on the information given by their peers. When answering this question, we should consider that we need clear, multi way, efficient and useful interaction among the all class including teacher. T - S: Questions and answers (dialogues) between the teacher and a student, such as in demonstration, checking comprehension. The present study aims to investigate the relationships among these four variables in the ESL classroom in Hong Kong: (1) question types, (2) questioning strategies, (3) student attitudes, and (4) patterns of interaction. Besides, if she wants to make students discussion as a speaking activity, she should apply to group/pair work in order to create an interactive classroom and encourage reflection. ı think interaction patterns should be applied according to the circumstances since we can not say that one of them is always the best. For example, I can learn better in group works and some of my friends prefer to work individually. As we have learned from our course FLE 200, in an effective lesson, all interaction patterns should be present. One of the first directions for improving the quality of classroom questions was determining the intellectual level of teacher questions. In my opinion we cannot decide on certain pattern to apply in the classroom .I think all classroom interactions should be used equally .Types of classroom interaction changes in terms of student level ,topic of an activity and for the age of students .We learnt that from our Instructional Principles and Methodology course .Teacher should use all kinds of interaction among students. That leads to more engaging discussions and higher levels of learning. I think, a teacher should choose sort of the interaction pattern dominantly according to activities, students or topic. Although teachers spend most of their time a: sking low-level cognitive questions, it is high-level cognitive questions that help students to use higher order thinking or … Moreover, teacher should arrange the lesson according to the type of activities. When you ask better questions of your students, your students will start to ask better questions of you. The preponderance of lower-order questions was troublesome to educators, for it contradicted the notion of a thoughtful classroom, promoting important if not profound student insights. The English language classroom certainly should become a more varied and interesting environment. Immigrant students may come from cultures that do not expect students to ask or answer questions during classroom discussions. The usage of interactions can be determined according to the subject and focus of the lesson. How Can Disruptive Innovation Impact STEM Education? Young learners need generally teacher-student interaction for effective learning. 2. Thus, using just one type of classroom interaction in the class is not appropriate. Changing how you use questions requires a few simple tweaks to your approach and not a major overhaul of your teaching methods. In this 20-minute video, she will share her insights and strategies that you can start using right away. Features several students explaining their ideas to a respectful class that listens well. Teachers can create an active learning environment by encouraging students to ask and answer questions. I am not saying that only one interaction pattern is enough, of course. Common Interaction Patterns in an ESL classroom. Difficult students, naturally, exist in every classroom. We cannot say that one interaction pattern should dominate the others or just one pattern should be used for that course without the help of other patterns. Some styles will work better than others in different learning situations, but no one learning style is completely perfect. Teacher-centered activity is when the teacher controls the group. Research Question 1: Is there a difference in the perception of teachers and students about the teacher-student interaction? As you kick off the … Please give your answers by providing examples. According to me, all of the types of classroom interaction pattern should be used. Learn the subtle things you can do to make your questions more powerful and your classroom interactions with students more fruitful. If we can think that we will use some activities which provide the different patterns, it is unavoidable that we will use the different kind of patterns. Because this question has only one answer, I should agree with my friends. Everyone does it. 4. Because type of classroom interaction depends on the level of the students, topic of the lesson, the age of the students and also the number of the students. Questions are powerful, valuable tools that can take learning to new heights. Briefly, a teacher should integrate these interaction patterns to her classroom by considering her lesson and studentsâ profile. Although we know the importance of interaction patterns used in the classrooms, we canât decide which interaction pattern should be used in an effective learning and teaching process as there are many different students from many different worlds. When you’re done, you will be ready to ask questions that challenge assumptions, present new possibilities, and serve as a catalyst for action and change. According to you, which one of the classroom interaction pattern should be used in the classroom most or should they be used equally? Yet we also know that when you ask better questions, you get better answers. UÄur Can A. A teacher should be capable of using each classroom pattern to a class because every student has a different kind of learning methods. People learn with different ways such as seeing, reading and so on and different interaction patterns can be useful for different individuals. For example, while we ask a question, we cannot say that there can be used “pair work” pattern for this example. We cannot use a kind of pattern by the purpose of âjust usingâ without aim. The Teaching Professor Group Subscription, Leadership in Higher Education Conference, National Conference on Student Leadership, Advertising and Sponsorship Opportunities, Journal of Faculty Development Submission Guidelines. Which criterias are important when arranging selection of activities? Encourages in-depth conversations among students (and between students and instructor). A study analyzing classroom interaction in more than 100 classrooms in five states found that teachers generally use four types of reactions. 3. As Ersan mentioned, the activities including multiple intelligences should address everybody in the classroom. In short, no matter what pattern type is used, its suitability to the context should be taken into consideration. I cannot say one of the classroom interaction pattern is the best of classroom interaction patterns. The types of teacher talk in classroom interaction divided into seven categories, i.e., 1) accepts feeling, 2) praises or encourages, 3) accepts or uses the ideas of student, 4) asks the questions, 5) lecturing, 6) giving direction, 7) criticizing or justifying authority. Also, teachers should be able to make shifts between interaction patterns for instance when students cannot complete the task because of its difficulty, the teacher should teach it him/herself. [Ann C Wintergerst] -- This book analyzes teacher and student interaction in the context of twelve ESL lessons, with the purpose of exploring the extent of student language output. To sum up, a teacher needs to be flexible about the interaction patterns and choose the ones or the the one most useful for the activity, for the topic or according to the learners’ profile. Ask open-ended questions www.magnapubs.com. Questioning is a basic method implemented by teacher in order to build interaction in the classroom and also to stimulate the stu-dents to perform their speaking skill in target language. Get this from a library! Interaction helps learners develop language learning and social skills and so maximising interaction in the classroom is an important part of the teacher's role. A. This can consist of lecturing, explaining a new grammar concept on the board, having a whole-class discussion, choral drilling or … ı think it is not true to choose just one interaction pattern and use it in the classroom because the most useful way of teaching and learning should serve in terms of almost all aspects. 1. For example, a teacher should embrace âteacher talkâ of the patterns if she teaches grammar the students. Your email address will not be published. Their types of intelligence are different. We can’t talk about any domination of any interaction pattern in class. QUESTIONS. When you are finished with this program, you will know: In this quick, hard-hitting video you will learn how to use questions to stimulate intellectual curiosity and promote learning. Praise. It’s not a secret. There are two important points; whether the students learn the things or not, if the teacher make his/her objectives true or not. For example in teaching pronunciation, Choral Response pattern would be the best for the students because in this pattern, it is possible for every student to repeat the word several times. the ‘how’ and ‘why,’ in a student’s response, as opposed to answers which just detail ‘what.’ Otherwise, students might be excluded and, thus bored. Teacher must determine interaction pattern by taking idea of majority into consideration. What are some of the advantages of group working? For example, I can learn better in group works and some of my friends prefer to work individually. Founded in 1972, Magna Publications serves the higher education community supporting professional development. The reaction includes a response to a question, an item in a drill, a word pronounced and a sentence written.” (Sarosdy et al, 2006: 35) Interaction in the classroom can occurs when the teacher transfers his or her knowledge to the students and the students transform the information they got, and then construct it based on their understanding, value and application (Dewey, 1916). Because communication is a key factor in language learning. How should a teacher arrange a classroom to enable the most effective interaction? QUESTIONING. In my opinion the aim of the teacher should be to harmonize all of these classroom interaction patterns according to the needs of the students for an effective teaching and learning process. All interaction patterns have different advantages. So when the teacher makes a decision about classroom interaction, he should take the number of the students into the consideration. Devotes a significant proportion of class time (15-30%) to student interactions. For example; in a large class pair work and group is not very useful and may cause some problems (extreme noise). You don’t have to subscribe to the Socratic method to appreciate the value of a question in higher education. Interactions in the Early Childhood Classroom Presented by: Tym Smith Early Care and Education Training and Consulting www.tymthetrainer.com (972)200-0504. T - Ss: Teacher talking to the whole class, such as in presenting a text, explaining grammar, giving instructions for an activity. 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