Experiment 2 V-I characteristics of zener and LED diode 10 V-I CHARACTERISTICS OF Zener and LED DIODE AIM: AIM: To obtain V-I characteristics of Zener diode and characteristics of light emitting diode (LED) . LEDs are available in different colors. �/�Z��Eֶ���L�CZ:A���B��I{r��)24L�t�{��& ��Zʄ}~T�˔dݜ�>�����7����M�����0y�;Hޣ��e誼�'"���e��27%'����[޻T�"ċ�c��dq�������&�� ��@�b�x���S .�'C�*�O�u���E.�;�\\�'.�;čH�!n� .��\�Ii�Wi�.��"G44\h|�RK>�����o��G��c*>��y;f���6�-ջ��[�#o�M�}��}�;�,�%���}�vQ�}Qu?��k�i!QƆ�kLe^��E%�T"RJ��y��x��y�u�;2�|�ۈM�Q��q\��E������ �]Nu�!�KG��LJ�Hm�h�7�����oO�RǾ!��N����y�}Y�[*�{�f:�[��ކ��JmZ��t^�J���� U2ʁH�6�b�T;�b!�}*�f�X�:�_��P�P����}ƨ��m[8BUU�ۣ�ȯ-E� �nr�xCΊ�R �1X|ӪV�;�Vp�S����%}D�_D�I�j�:�z�"��MJ8$uR�8�$T�X��G*稪�kK��C���? Around 1900 Planck developed the concept of energy quantization to explain the spectral distribution of This was conducted as an introductory to Electronics laboratory and in line with some topics in lecture classes. Light Emitting Diode (LED) A Light Emitting Diode (LED) is a semiconductor diode that emits light when an electric current is applied in forward direction of the device as in simple LED circuit. Lab X: I-V Characteristics of Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field Effect Transisitors (MOSFETs) – Page 2 3. In 1962, Nick Holonyak has come up with an idea of light emitting diode, and he was working for the general electric company. , the current level, encapsulation and other factors. 2. All Lab Manuals Pdf Files JNTU – JNTU Lab Manuals Pdf. •The diode should not be short-circuited. Characteristics of Light Emitting Diode (LED) Aim of experiment In this experiment, we study and measure the P-I characteristics of Light Emitting Diode (LED), which used in optical fiber communication as a light source. Figure 1. INTRODUCTION Max Planck (1858-1947) was an early pioneer in the field of quantum physics. Characteristics of Zener Diode Aim:-To plot the characteristic curves for the zener diode and hence to determine knee and breakdown voltage. 2 ... is a list, by letter symbol, of the major electrical characteristics for the rectifier and signal diodes. 346 0 obj <>stream Optical Fiber Communication Experiment Kit 2. >> Hence the LED allows the flow of current in the forward direction and blocks the current in the reverse direction. h�b```��,��@����(��!E��#~���d�n\g㌖z��������Hq�Հ�2�Hi0>3�3� ;H�P�૰ر�i�W���00��pV���*��T���h�f`�d��� The symbol of LED is similar to the normal p-n junction diode except that it contains arrows pointing away from the diode indicating that light is being emitted by the diode. This portion of an NPN BJT is just like a p-n junction. @U`k��8 1N4148 diode should have the same threshold voltage (around 0.6 volts) whereas an LED may have a different threshold voltage. AVO meter 5. Basic Electronics Lab Manual School of Physical Sciences National Institute of Science Education and Research Bhubaneswar . Connecting electrodes are following: positive p-side is anode, and negative n-side is cathode. DELAY LINE: – It is used to delay signal for sometime in the vertical section. BACKGROUND INFORMATION 3.1 CHART OF SYMBOLS Here is a chart of symbols used in this lab manual. 3. endstream endobj 317 0 obj <>stream The LED occupies the s… Fig. TIME BASE: – It is used to generate sawtooth voltage which it is applied to this lab manual a method based on the shift of the peak emission wavelength with the temperature and a method based on the shift of the diode forward voltage with temperature are discussed. Apparatus: Zener diode, Power Supply, dc milliammeter and dc voltmeter. 70 0 obj << p�I �� U� ` �T"D characteristics, relative to other series within the same logic family. 1. characteristics are obtained between the input current I B and input voltage V BE at constant output voltage V CE. LAB MANUAL EC6712- OPTICAL AND MICROWAVE LABORATORY . We will then plot it to get the depen-dence. Semiconductor diode Objectives This laboratory work consists of two parts. Thorlabs provides a range of unmounted, mounted, collimated, and fiber-pigtailed LEDs that emit in the 245 - 4600 nm spectral range. R|�k�Z. 3. Below are several general safety rules for all digital experiments and activities in the laboratory. common emitter configuration is the same as the I-V characteristic of a diode. /Filter /FlateDecode endstream endobj 314 0 obj <>/Metadata 22 0 R/Outlines 38 0 R/PageLayout/OneColumn/Pages 311 0 R/StructTreeRoot 51 0 R/Type/Catalog>> endobj 315 0 obj <>/ExtGState<>/Font<>/XObject<>>>/Rotate 0/StructParents 0/Tabs/S/Type/Page>> endobj 316 0 obj <>stream Our High-Power LEDs for Microscopy, Collimated LEDs, Multi-Channel LED Sources, and Illumination Kits are all designed for microscopy applications. %PDF-1.5 %���� The visible lights that an LED emits are usually orange, red, yellow, or green. stream h�Ԙ�n�6�_���E*�L� ��i4� ��\������֢��w�"��l9m��I)XΤ��P(���a�H(�^h(��r���ZU�D�C�r�`J 3.2 Junction temperature and LED emission The emission intensity of LEDs … H��V�n�8}�W�V4o"E�(����Y���I\Y�����-#��w��dG���0D�䜹�r��jq�5�ݻɇ��)�����%��Ϥ��ʒk�6��ɵvܐ]��K6�e��gA�,,�] ��.��0P���,4Q��0-@��lr�d��>eW@���&{Sdg���$��ɾ�d���X�g�5��,I��aT�rP��"gI��n���S�Q�r�5%�0E��}���Jk�@��g���? Chart of the symbols used in this lab. endstream Oscilloscope 4. :Q�CY��}�@����w��3���!.48vA�RM�>?��$b}���W���}���B�dӴ��@�F{�����e!�1=�f��MMK���t�:#?f ���>�������ҏ��˼�� �"-� To observe and draw the V-I characteristics and Regulation characteristics of a Zener diode. stream Optical fiber power meter 3. Table 1. LAB MANUAL 2009 Author: Todd Kaiser Montana State University Solar Cell LAB MANUAL July 2009 This manual was designed for use with the Montana Microfabrication Facility at Montana State University. CIRCUITS LABORATORY EXPERIMENT 6 TRANSISTOR CHARACTERISTICS 6.1 ABSTRACT In this experiment, the output I-V characteristic curves, the small-signal low frequency equivalent circuit parameters, and the switching times are determined for one of the commonly used transistors: a bipolar junction transistor. xڅ��N1E�|��M����D@B �f������H�{�)�!Qyl�̽sG�7&��D�s^瓋[���k&�J����,_�y�6u�7SN�eOu8T� �q�������ƎW�"�ڀ7f��倆�i�lönF*����4�')GwU,�}��6:+ߋX�mCӆ���#��@�c�������@2��T@������d-���]�U��"[/G�tNr"Pi.-xɫ�C�,H�)��T�p�F���X�MX����. That will allow a flow of huge current which might destroy the diode. 49 0 obj << %%EOF /Filter /FlateDecode endobj 10. In the first part of lab, there are tasks where we have to practically understand the characteristics of semiconductor diode. This list is not all inclusive; however, it does contain the most common symbols and their units. •If, we just reverse the diode to measure the I-V characteristics, the sudden change might destroy the diode. gk���P-���l��Aat3�u0� �h- 4�ݻW@P�?AT��I�r>*�5�}M��R�(A�P���K��ݗ���JF�pc�;[�f_�1O&Q,)�?��q�k:��p'�L�� �"v[8�&�Г��7��;5��ecF���2����L� �E�B˪~4u6զ1��7D LABORATORY MANUAL DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL & COMPUTER ENGINEERING Revised Summer 2018. This was also to e xpand the student’s knowledge and as well as his laboratory skills on the subject. NAME OF LABORATORY: Engg. �_~,����֦��/�:�dQ���&+�����iN��P��i�+�8�7��� ��Rc���hG�smxM?p�_��S�u;8� The intention of the manual is to provide lab users and MSU students with a complete description of the �H�4=�EaD�O�\����dLD�W��x������~d�n�h�Ɩ�f=!O�xC��Z/N��b������Z�_=fɔ���jℤsB�3h�9s�C r� This experiment led to the development of what major medical advancement…? b`8B��� �a�1��i��vm~qئ It consists of a PN Junction Diode and when voltage is applied to the LED, electrons and holes recombine in the PN Junction and release energy in the form of light (Photons). h�bbd``b`�$�Xm@��0���@�%�j ����:�\ ���\Q >�P��@�R���������H�a�g� ZD; Physics LAB SUBJECT CODE: BT 2001 NAME OF DEPARTMENT: Engg. Light Emitting Diode (LED) Schematic symbol and I-V Characteristics Curves showing the different colours available. The light intensity is governed by a variety of factors including the LED chip itself (including the design, individual wafer, the materials, etc.) However LED luminaires with very bright light points, which can be perceived indi-vidually, are crucial. To find the Zener Break down voltage in reverse biased condition. The LED is a special type of diode and they have similar electrical characteristics of a PN junction diode. Do your wiring, setup, and a careful circuit checkout before applying power. Apparatus 1. !M�HJ�j�J�� ���?��/�.�� %PDF-1.5 the phototransistor characteristics. Don™t feel bad if you haven™t studied pn junctions before; it is not required for this lab. �H��QPQL[�(�����.��N��m���0���{h��l���0t*l���;���C6���?����.���fU.������u��t}�x6��f��f���OZW���s�}|i~�5eSe���[?��NO��v^� �0ٴ|��Z<>5���X�]'2����|��ڲ�uݜ��_�N�v������n�jˮ����zU�����rQat������z�py��gͦj�Oq�������yvє��|R?.+�g��Z�ʸ4�2q,��Y<7�M�[X��֯7��=�c=_?,������E�}��l��S��G���3�)��#������ �sg�Kс��i{g�c�� ���!S��?>��QX�;� �y��%��IoY�c�Π��9�B@�Y_ƺ�)]��b� of ECE CREC 9 2. With each of these devices, the current increased as the light increased The photodiode was measured by using the base and collector leads of the phototransistor The phototransistor measurements were made between the emitter and collector The experiments in this lab manual are designed for low voltage which minimizes the electrical shock hazard, but it only takes several milliamperes of current to cause a harmful electrical shock. 3: Forward I–V characteristics of the 340 nm LED measured at 5-300 K [2] As Fig. The LED specification for light intensity is important. 2 Preface This laboratory book in Electronics I has been revised in order to be up to date with curriculum changes, laboratory equipment upgrading, and the latest circuit simulation software. Basics of LED (Light Emitting Diode) As mentioned in the introduction, an LED is a semiconductor light source. Consequently, the I B and V BE relationship in the . e��x}�7>���ο�v��U��\.5�֑\r�C/~t%G_�j�^����^�\�%aMg,7t7,�Ynah�C�f�_��`�{V�i�&븶�|�Ip�rc��.��0�r�].��E�:�n@���;�ЀƖ����/�������]1�m�O� ֙��k�P�������a w�� •Current must not pass through it for a very long time. 12 Characteristics of BJT in Common Emitter Configuration 26 ... and procedures in the Lab Manual before starting the experiments. THE CURRENT-VOLTAGE CHARACTERISTICS OF AN LED AND A MEASUREMENT OF PLANCK’S CONSTANT Physics 258/259 I. Introduction: The Zener diode is designed to operate in reverse breakdown region. PHYSICS LAB MANUAL SUBJECT CODE:- 06 PHYL 17 1. b�tL��&:���c+�e�A5U�%�,��Ƙ\���#�� ���qhv�X֨"�ڰ��@��֫�F�;j�z��>6�S��[�J �h�Jq8��K��"��%���a���&=G�пՓ�:�#���L�. LIGHT EMITTING DIODE CHARACTERISTICS (SAMPLE LAB WRITEUP) John A. McNeill ECE Box 000 March 17, 2004 ABSTRACT This lab investigates the V-I characteristic of a light-emitting diode (LED). The device is capable of emitting a fairly narrow bandwidth of visible or invisible light when its internal diode junction attains a forward electric current or voltage. >> Light emitting diode (LED) symbol. %���� Therefore, over CONCLUSION This experiment focuses on the investigation of the basic characteristics of a diode. This Laboratory Manual for Semiconductor Devices: Theory and Application, by James M. Fiore is copyrighted under the terms of a Creative Commons license: This work is freely redistributable for non-commercial use, share-alike with attribution For example, in the TTL logic family, there are several logic series: the 74 standard, 74L low-power, 74H high-speed, 74S standard Schottky, 74LS low-power Schottky series, and 74ALS advanced low-power Schottky series. Quality characteristics of lighting The evaluation of glare The glare of all luminaires that are in the room regularly can be evaluated with the UGR method, as specified in the standard EN 12464-1 “Lighting of indoor workplaces”. The Light emitting diode is a two-lead semiconductor light source. Zener diode is used for voltage regulation purpose. ZENER DIODE CHARACTERISTICS AIM: 1. Safety must always be first. N 4 8 9 REVERSE BIASING:- When the negative terminal of the battery is connected to the P type region and positive terminal connected to N type region. 2 shows, voltage control of LEDs might be possible. 331 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<951FF674811BFA43920D0E7D1B4A0DC5>]/Index[313 34]/Info 312 0 R/Length 91/Prev 169991/Root 314 0 R/Size 347/Type/XRef/W[1 2 1]>>stream Electronic Measurement & Instrumentation (EE-323-F) LAB MANUAL(V SEM ECE) Page 4 VERTICAL AMPLIFIER:-This is a wide band amplifier used to amplify signal in the vertical section of the signal. Wires 6. A light emitting diode (LED) is known to be one of the best optoelectronic devices out of the lot. Do not make circuit changes or perform any wiring when power is on. It will then increase However, a slight increase in the temperature results in a shift in the curve characteristic to the left as can be seen in Fig. ANNA UNIVERSITY: CHENNAI SYLLABUS R - 2013 L T P C 0 0 3 2 LIST OF EXPERIMENTS ... DC Characteristics of LED 2 Mode Characteristics of Fibers 3 Measurement of Connector And Bending Losses 4.a) Setting Up … Physics Page 3 of 8 S . /Length 538 endstream endobj startxref 313 0 obj <> endobj Part 3: Identify the Controls and Variables ... characteristics, behaviors, and habitats of the creatures can be used in … x��UMs�0��W�(�j�e�X e����V8�XIL;c9m���V��GI�N���}zo���Eg����fW7�!H)P�D@�Z���Q��;��*[6.��ݞ�C&�TJ�fR3E��!�8� ��X@8�"�'�H6��.%J�x`�`8+*��}������ViX_����^!iO���GqՉ���#�W/�5�/��!l%]�"y��s$�G^���E���^��T>���2?��ńy��â���A�x���*LK0S�"�-��4�����J݇� This threshold voltage concept comes from the fact that a diode is just a pn junction. /Length 302 EXPERIMENT 7:Observation of characteristics of a Zener diode Debangshu Mukherjee BS.c Physics,1st Year Chennai Mathematical Institute 7.11.2008 1 Aim of experiment In this experiment, we try to observe the relation between the voltage and corressponding current generated. 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