The second option is to increase crop production on existing farms through a process called intensification. How to increase agricultural productivity and food production to cope up with the projected surge in human population has been, and still is, an urgent concern. Efficient use … For cowpea variety Sitao Pole, concentrations of methionine and cyst(e)ine increased approximately twofold as adequacy of S supply increased from severe deficiency to sufficiency for maximum yields (Evans et al., 1977). This will be particularly important for future generations that will face greater impacts from climate change and will require higher productivity per unit of land as the world population continues to grow. Modern organic (i.e., carbon-containing) pesticides have been used widely since the late 1940s, and so there is over 50 years of experience of their behavior in the environment and their impact upon it. The results of studies to address plant population and row spacing effects on yield and water use in maize are sometimes conflicting and depend on other factors such as climate, hybrid, irrigation, and planting date. The challenge in such study areas may be managed by keeping microbial communities in favor of plant colonization through beneficial endophytic bacteria as well as simultaneously avoiding harmful endophytes or other associated microbial forms. Compounds such as nematicides (for control of plant-parasitic nematode worms) are usually incorporated into the topsoil. crop yield, number of crops per year). Log in. Ratio of S in Methionine + Cysteine to Amino Acid N in Cowpea Varieties under Various Sulfate S Fertilization Levelsa. Yield potential will need to remain high and sustainable in order to supply food for the growing population. Yields were higher for the high population treatments but only for the short- and midseason varieties. All of our charts can be embedded in any site. Now the pressure is on to feed 3 billion extra mouths in the next 40 years while the climate changes and the costs of energy and resources escalate. Farmers are faced with the challenge of producing sufficient crops to meet growing consumer demand while maintaining the quality and quantity of resources for future generations. All these properties have proved bacterial endophytes as vital players in agroecosystem. The annual evapotranspiration demand of 900 mm far exceeds the long-term average annual precipitation of 500 mm (Yang et al., 2002; Foster and Perry, 2010). Developed countries are going to have more capital to use or borrow. R.H. Bromilow, in Encyclopedia of Soils in the Environment, 2005. 2.1). There are three main sources of growth in crop production: expanding the land area, increasing the frequency with which it is cropped (often through irrigation), and boosting yields. Herbicides are substances used to reduce unwanted weeds so that crop yield increases. The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) says 33 percent of arable land on Earth is used to produce food for livestock. Thus the adoption of Bt cotton resulted in a 50% increase in profit per hectare compared to an 18% increase in expenditures in India (Kathage and Qaim, 2012). A detailed examination of production potentials does not support this view at the global level, although in some countries, and even in whole regions, serious problems already exist and could deepen. The main factor determining the amount of plant biomass is water. A possible remedy for this deficiency is to increase the sulfo-amino acid levels in seeds by S fertilization. How can smart sensors increase crop production? Almost all agricultural practices utilize organic or inorganic inputs to increase crop yield but these inputs are not fully utilized by crops. The FAOstat website provides production statistics for a wide range of crops and is updated every year. Transport Facilities: To facilitate the farmers to produce new farm inputs and enable them to sell their product in markets, villages should be linked with mandies. Concerns about protein quality have created interest in using N : S ratios of cowpea cultivars as a tool for screening for protein quality (Porter et al., 1974). Pesticides are used worldwide and increase crop yield on average by 30% as well as improving crop quality. One factor to bear in mind is that unlike conventional seeds, there are often limits on reuse. Modern organic (i.e., carbon-containing) pesticides have been used widely since the late 1940s, and so there is over 50 years of experience of their behavior in the environment and their impact upon it. The prevalence of these pollutants in the environment is expected to increase in the future as population growth drives agricultural intensification. However, acting against these gains, as we shall see later, prices should fall from the increase in aggregate supply and this will reduce farmers’ income. Concerns about protein quality have led to interest in increasing the sulfur amino acid content of edible legumes (Luse et al., 1975; Pasricha et al., 1991). Row spacing interacts with plant population and the arrangement of plants within the row. Additional research on the economic benefits of conservation agriculture, including the use of new practices such as precision conservation, precision farming, target conservation, and controlled-release fertilizers, is also needed. ?sach sach bataiyo jhoot mat bolna kamine...!! Technology – better technology contributes to higher yields, better efficiency, cost savings and so on. Sulfur concentrations, S : N ratios, and S amino acid contents in cowpea seeds increased with increasing levels of S fertilization. …, 12. Strong cases can also be made to support adaptation of the world’s most important crops in their primary production regions. The negative externalities of GM food also need to be considered. A longer growing season allows the proliferation of species that have suitable conditions for growth and development and can thus increase their productivity (e.g. In addition nonGM farmers may eventually suffer from the evolution of “superweeds,” and this may even force them to use GM seeds. Endophytic bacteria are able to increase crop yields, assist in phytoremediation of environmental contaminants, produce novel substances, and enhance soil nitrogen content through diazotrophic activity. …, the kidneys with respect to the structure and functuoning​. Therefore, the millennium challenge is to produce more food from less land. A proposed solution to this predicament is the use of bioremediation techniques to treat agricultural wastes at the farm level or in locations of accumulation. Ways # 1. The Solar Corridor system is an agronomic approach to increase crop yields by using wide row spacings. The present crop yields are 1.25 and 1.07 times the national average yield of wheat and maize in China, respectively. ScienceDirect ® is a registered trademark of Elsevier B.V. ScienceDirect ® is a registered trademark of Elsevier B.V. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780128187340000048, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B0123485304001107, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780128147924000036, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780128027806000274, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780128008751000156, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B978012409548911259X, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0065211308608354, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0065211315001303, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B978012801535300005X, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780124076853000025, Endophytic bacteria in plant disease management, Maize water use and yield in the solar corridor system: a simulation study, Dennis Timlin, ... Vangimalla R. Reddy, in. Thus, the farmer will need to buy the seeds every year. Crop Production Definition “Crop production is the branch of agriculture that deals with the production of crops for food and fiber.” For the same plant population and variety, intercepted light was lower for the wider row spacing. This means that market demand for food will continue to grow. Vermicompost is the product of microbial composting organic matters through earthworm activity, resulting in the production of organic fertilizer. Yields for the long season hybrid were not different from the midseason suggesting that the longer period of grainfill for the long season hybrid was not an advantage because of decreasing day length and cooler temperatures. Increases in irrigation water consumption to meet those food demands have been estimated to be 50% in developing countries and 16% in developed countries (Fischer et al., 2007). With conventional seeds, pest damage is often too great to facilitate profitable production throughout the potential growing season. Further details are presented in Table XI. These countries will harvest the long-term benefits of conserving the soil quality across this 7% of the world land area, since they are minimizing erosion and improving soil quality, which will prove highly beneficial under climate change, especially since these areas are being farmed and conserved with minimal soil disturbance. By 2050, the United Nations estimate that world population will balloon to about 9.3 billion from 6.9 billion in 2010 ( click on to read related page ). In view of increasing population particularly in developing countries, it is imperative to increase crop production. For example, a “no saved seed” provision in a contract between the farmer and the biotech company can prohibit the farmer from saving seed and/or reusing GM seed from GM crops (Hamilton, 2001). Agricultural production '' wide row spacings has led to huge increases in production... 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